Carolina hornbeam, (Carpinus caroliniana)
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The Carolina Hornbeam is a small tree reaching 15 meters in height, rarely 20 m, 8 m in width, with a very twisted trunk and smooth bark; leaves (6-10 cm). The leaves are bluish green, having fine teeth and gradually becoming larger along the shoots. The small nuts are surrounded by a leaf-like scale, which turns brown later in the fall, and hang in clusters. Carolina hornbeam is useful for naturalized understory planting, but it is also adaptable to urban sites and it can be used as a trimmed hedge when established. Carolina hornbeam wood is very durable and was used to make tool handles by settlers back in the day. Like the Virginia hornbeam, the Carolina hornbeam was considered ironwood.
